Circuits

Circuits are an essential part of the anatomy of mechanical beings, especially Transformers. They regulate a diverse range of functions, not all of which are equally applicable in differing eras of Cybertronian history.

Bio-Circuits
The function of Bio-circuits is not explicitly stated, though by context it can be inferred that they are vital to a Transformer's continued functioning. After Starscream almost accidentally destroyed the Solar Needle, Megatron threatened to permanently deactivate his bio-circuits.

Logic Circuits
Logic circuits are a component of Transformer anatomy that is charged with intelligence and reasoning out confusing situations. In the Beast Wars cartoon, these circuits were especially important due to the increased reliance on beast modes. With the acquisition of beast modes, there came instance of the beast mode's instincts influencing the logic circuits. When Inferno came online, his beast mode convinced him that he was a real fire-ant, and that his stasis pod was his colony. Later, the Predacons stole the shielding system of the Axalon, forcing the Maximals to remain in beast mode to avoid Energon buildup, all the while under bombardment and suffering from sleep deprivation. Eventually, their beast modes came to override their logic circuits. Only with Tigatron's help did they overcome their baser instincts.

Memory Circuits
Memory circuits are a component of Transformer anatomy that allowed them access to their memories. They could be bypassed in order to make them "forget" certain things such as who their enemies are.

In the Generation 1 cartoon, Soundwave was hit after he downloaded the contents of a computer mainframe which caused him to lose the information he collected.

As well, after capturing the Dinobots on Cybertron, the Decepticons bypassed their memory circuits in order to make them willing slaves in the Cybertonium Pits.

In the Beast Wars cartoon, Tigatron's revival from his stasis pod left him with damaged memory circuits and made him believe that he was an animal like Snowstalker.

Oral Circuits
A Transformer's oral circuits are related to vocalization. In the UK Marvel Transformers comic Prowl cleared his oral circuits to cover up his daydreaming during one of Optimus Prime's boring lectures.

In the live-action movie, Bumblebee had his "vocal processor" damaged in a battle with the Decepticons, rendering him unable to communicate with other species, though still able to communicate over inter-Autobot frequencies. Ratchet had been having trouble fixing them ever since.

It is unknown how, if at all, the vocal processor and oral circuits are related. They may coexist, or they may be different devices which serve the same purpose.

Reason Circuits
Reason circuits are a component of Transformer anatomy that governs their capacity to reason. They are evidently distinct from logic circuits. In the Generation 1 Cartoon Red Alert, after being damaged by a missle from Rumble, became paranoid due to damage made to both his Logic Circuit and Reason circuits.